What is access control system?

Access control system, also known as access control system and channel management system. It is a digital intelligent management system for managing people in and out.

The original concept of access control system has actually been in our lives for a long time. For example: every household has doors and locks installed, and the people in our family have keys. When the family comes back, they don’t need to shout at the door, they can directly use the key to open the door and enter. When someone outside comes to visit, the people in the house hear the knocking sound and know that someone is visiting, and ask: "Who is it?" The person outside answers: "I am ***!" The people inside judge whether to open the door based on the sound and past experience. This is a primitive access control concept. The Great Wall is the largest primitive access control system in ancient China.

With the deepening of social electronic intelligence, the access control systems we see now can be divided into the following according to the different input devices, media and methods:

Password access control system, card access control system, biometric access control system

Password access control system: by entering the password, the system determines that the password is correct and drives the electric lock to open the door and let people in. Advantages: You only need to remember the password, no need to carry other media. Lowest cost. Disadvantages: Slow speed. It usually takes several seconds to enter the password. If there are too many people entering and exiting, they need to queue up. If the input is wrong, it needs to be re-entered, which takes longer. Poor security. People next to you can easily remember other people's passwords through gestures, and passwords are easy to forget or leak. Trend: Password access control is used in fewer and fewer occasions. It is only used in occasions with low security requirements, low cost, and infrequent use. For example: safes.

Card access control system: According to the type of card, it is divided into contact card access control system (magnetic stripe card barcode card) and contactless card (also called induction card radio frequency card) access control system. The contact card access control system is used less and less because the contact card is easy to wear, the number of uses is not many, and the card is easy to damage. It is only used in occasions related to bank cards (magnetic stripe cards), such as: bank VIP channel access control system, unattended cash machine access control system and other local industry fields. Contactless IC card is the mainstream of the current access control system due to its durability, good cost performance, fast reading speed and high security. Therefore, many people now simply refer to the contactless IC card access control system as the access control system.

Biometric access control system: an access control system that identifies identity based on different human biological characteristics. Common ones include: fingerprint access control system (each person's fingerprint pattern characteristics are different), palm type access control system (each person's palm bone shape is different), iris access control system (each person's retina is different through optical scanning), portrait recognition access control system (each person's facial features and positions are different), etc. The advantages of the biometric access control system are: no need to carry cards and other media, less chance of duplication, not easy to be copied, and high security. Disadvantages are: high cost. Since biometrics need to compare many parameter features, the comparison speed is slow, which is not conducive to occasions with too many people. The biological characteristics of the human body will change with the changes in the environment and time, so it is easy to produce a rejection rate (it is obviously this person, but his biological characteristics have changed, and it is considered not to be the person himself), for example: fingerprints are different due to different seasons and humidity, palm shape and portrait change due to age, and irises change due to eye diseases. Therefore, although the biometric access control system is advanced and safe, its application scope is limited. It is only used in a few fields where there are not many people, high security requirements, and no concerns about high costs. It is not the mainstream of the current access control system.

The access control system has some derivative forms according to its application occasions and application objects. For example: parking lot management system for vehicle access management, subway access control system for subway and bus charges, etc.